Vitamin D
Moderate- Cause
- Indoor life, sun protection, and winter or high latitude reduce skin synthesis.
- Food first
- Oily fish, mushrooms, and fortified foods cover part of the need.
- When a supplement helps
- Consider a modest dose when sunlight is scarce and fish is rarely eaten.
- Testing / advice
- With osteoporosis, falls, or malabsorption, discuss a 25(OH)D blood test.